The Growth of Industry

The United States experienced great industrial growth between 1860 and 1900. During the Civil War, factories turned out weapons, war materials, farm equipment, and different kinds of machinery. In the years after the war, more factories were built, people moved to the cities to get jobs. Inventions were made, new products came into use, the railroad system was expanded, new stores and businesses appeared, and a wave of immigrants poured into the United States.

Directions

1. The amount of __________________________ in the United States more than doubled between 1860 and 1900.

2. Manufacturers used the railroads to send their goods to __________________________.

3. America's rich supply of __________________________ provided industry with the raw materials needed to turn out a wide variety of finished goods.

4. Wealthy Europeans and Americans eagerly invested __________________________ in new businesses in the United States.

5. High __________________________ protected American industry from foreign competition.

6. Millions of __________________________ came to the United States and provided factory owners with an eager supply of workers.

7. The steadily increasing __________________________ of the United States gave manufacturers an expanding market for their goods.

8. Products were made by power-driven __________________________ operated by factory workers.

9. The railroad, a better sailing ship, the __________________________, the telegraph, and the telephone reduced the time and cost of transportation and communication.

10. A new form of business called the __________________________ developed in the years after the Civil War.

11. Corporations were able to raise large sums of money because many people bought ___________________________ in the business.

12. The people who purchased shares of stock were called __________________________.

13. A corporation had enough money to build huge factories, buy expensive machinery, and sell products across the country and around the __________________________.

14. Some big businesses became __________________________ after they ended competition by driving out smaller businesses.

15. The government finally acted to control the power and abuses of big business by passing such laws as the __________________________ and Clayton Anti-Trust Act.

16. American industries developed the system of __________________________ to turn out large quantities of goods at low prices.

17. __________________________, or interchangeable, parts were assembled into finished articles.

18. Each worker along an __________________________ attached another part to an article moving past them on a conveyor belt.

19. The general store was replaced by specialty shops, chain stores, department stores, and __________________________ houses.

20. Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and other "_________________________" took control of steel, oil, and other industries during the late 1800's.
21. Inventors led by __________________________ created a wide variety of new products for consumers.

22. By the late 1800's the United States __________________________ more manufactured goods than it imported.

23. The states that did the most manufacturing were in the __________________________ and Midwest.

24. By 1900 the value of manufactured goods in the U.S. was twice that of the nation's __________________________.

25. The United States became the leading __________________________ in the world.

Map Exercise

On the map:

1. Lightly shade the manufacturing regions that are marked off by the dotted lines.
2. Label Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis.

Word Search

Graph Exercise

1. The growing population of the United States in the second half of the 19th century meant that there were more and more consumers to buy manufactured goods. Put dots on the graph to show the rise in the population between 1850 and 1900. Draw lines to connect the dots.
   
   
   

   U.S. Population 1850: 23,191,876 1860: 31,443,321 1870: 39,818,449 1880: 50,155,783 1890: 62,947,714 1900: 75,994,575		80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000,000 0
   	1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

2. Large numbers of workers were needed to keep up with the ever-increasing demand for manufactured goods. A steady stream of people left the rural farming regions and moved to the cities to take jobs in factories. In 1850 85% of the American people lived in rural areas, while only 15% lived in urban areas (the cities). But by 1900 the population had shifted so that 60% lived in rural areas and 40% in urban areas. Construct two circle graphs which show the shift of the population from rural to urban areas. Divide the circle graphs into "rural" and "urban" segments, and label them. Put the above mentioned percentages on the graphs.

3. Over 16 million immigrants came to the United States between 1850 and 1900. Many took jobs in American industries. Shade the bar graph to show the number of immigrants who arrived in this country during each ten-year period.
   
   
   

   	0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000
   1850-1859 (2,814,554) 1860-1869 (2,081,261) 1870-1879 (2,742,287) 1880-1889 (5,248,568) 1890-1899 (3,694,294)

   
   
   
4. In 1850 about 1 million workers were involved in manufacturing in the United States. The number of industrial workers grew to 2 million in 1870 and 5 million by 1900. Make a pictograph that shows this increase in workers holding manufacturing jobs. For each 1 million industrial workers, fill in one box with a picture of a factory worker.
   
   
   Workers in Manufacturing (Each symbol = 1 million workers.)

   1850    1870    1900

   
   
   
5. Congress helped American industries compete favorably against foreign manufacturers in the late 1800's. Protective tariffs were passed which added between 22¢ and 56¢? to the cost of every dollar of imported goods. These tariff rates were among the highest in American history. Shade the bar graph to show the general increase in tariff duties between 1860 and 1900.
   Tariff Rates in Cents Per Dollar Imports
   
   

   $1.00    .80    .60    .40    .20    0
   	1860 22¢ 1870 47¢ 1880 44¢ 1890 50¢ 1900 56¢

   
   
   
6. The expansion of the nation's rail system made it possible for manufacturers to send their products to a greater number of people across the United States. It also made it easier and less expensive for manufacturers to get the raw materials needed to make finished goods. Put dots on the graph to show the increase in railroad mileage between 1850 and 1900. Draw lines to connect the dots.
   
   
   

   Miles of Railroad Track in the U.S. 1850: 7,000 1860: 30,000 1870: 50,000 1880: 93,000 1890: 162,000 1900: 190,000		200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0
   	1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900