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African Empires and Trading States

From Lessons on World History: Part Four,
part of the series Lessons on World History.
© Robert W. Shedlock.

Between 3000 B.C. and the end of the Middle Ages in Europe, a number of black African empires and trading states rose to a position of wealth and power. Each owed its success to the control of profitable trade routes.

Directions

Read number 1. Rearrange the series of capital letters to form the two words that complete the statement. Put your answer on the puzzle for 1 down. Continue with 2 through 5 in the same way. After all five answers have been filled in, use the letters in the squares on the puzzle to make the word that is the solution to the puzzle. The solution is mentioned in one of the sentences on the Kingdom of Kush.

The Kingdom of Kush

  1. About the same time that civilization arose in ancient Egypt, the Kingdom of Kush developed along the upper INEL VERRI.

  2. The merchants of Kush traded with Egypt, other parts of the Mediterranean world, and lands across the DINANINOAEC in Asia.

  3. The rulers of the kingdom used wealth from trade to build impressive palaces, a large temple, and AMYIDPRS for the burial of kings and queens.

  4. An army from Kush captured Egypt and held it for many years until the Assyrians invaded North Africa. The Assyrians had new weapons made of iron. Soon, MARIONINKG became an important industry in Kush.

  5. The Kingdom of Kush lasted for more than a STUHOADN years, finally declining about 200 A.D.

    Puzzle Solution
    (one word)

    __________________

           
5
     
               
           
     
                
2___
     
 ___ ___
     
 ___ ___
     
 ___ ___ ___        
            ___                
            ___                
  4___ ___ ___ ___
     
 ___ ___ ___ 1___ ___        
            ___     ___          
            ___     ___          
                  ___          
                 
     
          
                  ___          
                  ___          
                 
     
          
              3___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
     

The Kingdom of Axum

  1. Axum replaced Kush as the leading kingdom in the upper Nile Valley. Like Kush, it gained power through RTDAE.

  2. OGDL, ivory, and animal hides were exported to merchants in Asia and the Mediterranean world.

  3. Arab traders who came to Africa brought with them their way of life. The result was "cultural diffusion," a mixing of African and Arab LCUURSTE.

  4. The kings of AUXM built palaces, fortresses, and granite monuments.

  5. During the 300's, King Ezana made Christianity the state religion. Muslim invaders later spread Islam to the region. The modern-day country of Ethiopia traces its cultural roots to the NKIGODM of Axum.

    Puzzle Solution
    (one word)

    __________________

       
6___
___
9
     

___
___
            ___    
            ___    
10___
     
 ___ 7___ ___ ___
     
    
      ___          
  8___ ___
     
 ___ ___ ___ ___
     
      ___          

The Kingdom of Ghana

  1. Ghana was the first of three powerful trading states in SWET ARIAFC.

  2. Arab merchants from North Africa carried salt, copper, clothing, tools, and dried fruits to Ghana by ACMLE caravan.

  3. The Arabs traded their goods for gold, slaves, ivory, jewelry, and HTEALER DGOOS.

  4. Most people in Ghana earned a living from farming. But gold was the reason for Ghana's wealth and power. The king claimed that every nugget of gold in the MEIPER belonged to him.

  5. The Ghana Empire enjoyed its greatest period between 800 and 1000 A.D. It had an efficient government and an army to guard its trade routes. But Muslims from North Africa eventually declared a HOYL RWA against non-Muslims in Ghana, thus weakening the empire.

    Puzzle Solution
    (two words)

    ______________ and ______________

         
13
     
         
14___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___          
          ___          
          ___          
          ___          
    12___ ___ ___ ___
     
     11___  
          ___       ___  
         
     
       ___  
         
     
      
     
  
        15___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
         
     
       ___  
         
     
       ___  
                  ___  
                  ___  
                 
     
  

The Kingdom of Mali

  1. The Mandingo people of West Africa established the powerful Mali Empire. They took control of what was left of the Kingdom of Ghana. Most Mandingo were farmers and TACLET HDRERES.

  2. The rulers of Mali grew rich from the gold- salt trade. The empire reached its peak during the 1300's under Mansa Musa. Timbuktu, the capital city, became the center of RGOEVENMNT, learning, and trade.

  3. The emperors of Mali became Muslims, but most people continued to worship tribal religions. Mansa Musa, during a pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca, dazzled the Egyptian people by handing out gold on the SREETST of Cairo.

  4. Life in the Kingdom of Mali became a blend of Muslim and traditional CFRAIAN cultures.

  5. The emperors after Mansa Musa lacked the skill and power necessary to hold the empire together. Civil war weakened Mali and enabled the Kingdom of Songhai to become the leading GDARTIN state in West Africa.

    Puzzle Solution
    (one word)

    __________________

18___   16___        
20___ ___
     
 ___
     
 ___
     
___   ___        
___   ___       17___
___   ___      
     
___   ___       ___
___   ___       ___
    ___       ___
19___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
     
   
     
      
     
    ___       ___
    ___      
     
    ___       ___

The Kingdom of Songhai

  1. Songhai, another black trading state, took control of the West African caravan routes during the 1400's and 1500's. Traders from Songhai exchanged gold and other products for goods from Europe and the ELDMID AETS.

  2. King Sunni Ali strengthened the empire by establishing a central government and unified system of law and order. He appointed officials to oversee trade, agriculture, and ITSUJCE.

  3. King Askia Muhammad, who succeeded Sunni Ali, reorganized the Songhai government, expanded trade, and encouraged the people to practice Islam. He invited Muslim scholars, doctors, and JUDESG to Timbuktu, which became a great cultural center.

  4. Most of the people of Songhai were farmers, IFSHREEMN, and traders.

  5. In 1591, an army from Morocco in North Africa crossed the Sahara and defeated the HSNGOIA, bringing the empire to an end.

    Puzzle Solution
    (two words)

    __________________

        24___    
22___
     
 ___ ___
     
 ___ ___
        ___    
25___ ___
     
 ___ ___
     
 ___
        ___    
    21___   ___    
   
     
   ___    
23___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___  
    ___  
     
    
   
     
        
    ___        
    ___        
    ___        
   
     
        
    ___        

Trading States of East Africa

  1. While the West African kingdoms rose and fell during the Middle Ages, so did a number of city-states in TSAECIRFAA.

  2. Traders carried gold, ivory, and iron from the interior of the continent to such coastal cities as Malindi and Mombasa. The traders then had to pay taxes to the city governments before they could send their goods on across the Indian Ocean to India and China. After selling the gold, ivory, and iron at high prices, the traders returned to East Africa with assorted Indian and CEHSIEN products.

  3. Many Arab traders settled in the coastal cities of East Africa. Their culture eventually blended with traditional African ways of living. Among other things, the RAABS brought Islam to the region.

  4. The leading inland state which sent goods to the coast was Zimbabwe. It grew rich by exporting gold. The rulers of Zimbabwe used their great wealth to build stone houses, temples, and CELAPAS.

  5. In the 1500's, Portuguese sailors destroyed the coastal cities, thereby ending the lucrative trade of MNAILID, Mombasa, and Zimbabwe.

    Puzzle Solution
    (two words)

    ______________ and ______________

    29___                
28
     
___ ___ ___ ___            
    ___         26___      
    ___         ___      
    27___
     
     
     
 ___ ___ ___    
    ___         ___      
    ___        
     
      
              ___      
              ___      
        30___ ___ ___
     
     
     
     
             
     
      
              ___      

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